Fundamental Rights (Part III) is one of the most frequently asked areas in UPSC Prelims Polity. This set covers the key Articles from 12 to 35, the writs under Article 32, the important constitutional amendments and the landmark Supreme Court cases you need to know.
How to practise: read each question and tap the option you think is correct. You will see right away whether you got it, along with a short explanation, and your score is tracked at the bottom of the screen. This set has 16 questions.
Topics covered in this set
- Part III and the definition of State (Article 12)
- Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
- Rights against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
- Religious, cultural and educational rights (Articles 25-30)
- Article 32, writs and landmark cases
UPSC MCQs with answers and explanations
Q1. Fundamental Rights are contained in which Part of the Indian Constitution?
a) Part IV
b) Part IVA
c) Part III
d) Part II
Q2. Which Article defines the term 'State' for the purposes of Part III?
a) Article 36
b) Article 14
c) Article 13
d) Article 12
Q3. Which Article makes laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights void and is a basis for judicial review?
a) Article 12
b) Article 13
c) Article 226
d) Article 32
Q4. 'Equality before law and equal protection of the laws' is guaranteed by:
a) Article 15
b) Article 16
c) Article 19
d) Article 14
Q5. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment is provided under:
a) Article 15
b) Article 16
c) Article 17
d) Article 14
Q6. Article 17 of the Constitution deals with:
a) Protection of minorities
b) Abolition of untouchability
c) Right to education
d) Abolition of titles
Q7. Originally, Article 19 guaranteed seven freedoms. Which freedom was removed by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978?
a) Freedom to form associations
b) Freedom of movement
c) Freedom of speech and expression
d) Right to acquire, hold and dispose of property
Q8. Which Fundamental Rights cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency?
a) Articles 21 and 32
b) Articles 20 and 21
c) Articles 19 and 21
d) Articles 14 and 19
Q9. Article 20 provides protection against all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Self-incrimination
b) Ex post facto criminal laws
c) Double jeopardy
d) Preventive detention
Q10. The right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years (Article 21A) was inserted by which amendment?
a) 86th Amendment, 2002
b) 93rd Amendment, 2005
c) 44th Amendment, 1978
d) 42nd Amendment, 1976
Q11. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the 'procedure established by law' under Article 21 must be just, fair and reasonable?
a) A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
b) Golaknath v. State of Punjab
c) Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
d) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Q12. The right to privacy was declared a Fundamental Right in:
a) Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
b) K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
c) Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
d) Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)
Q13. Traffic in human beings, begar and other forms of forced labour are prohibited under:
a) Article 23
b) Article 24
c) Article 21
d) Article 25
Q14. Which Article gives minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice?
a) Article 31
b) Article 30
c) Article 28
d) Article 29
Q15. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described which Article as the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution?
a) Article 226
b) Article 32
c) Article 21
d) Article 14
Q16. Which writ is issued by a higher court commanding a public authority to perform a public duty it has failed to perform?
a) Quo warranto
b) Certiorari
c) Mandamus
d) Habeas corpus
Quick revision notes
- Part III: Articles 12-35. Article 12 defines State; Article 13 is the basis of judicial review.
- Equality: 14 (equality before law), 15 (no discrimination), 16 (public employment), 17 (untouchability), 18 (titles).
- Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency (44th Amendment).
- Right to property was removed from Part III by the 44th Amendment and is now Article 300A.
- Key cases: Maneka Gandhi (1978) on Article 21; Puttaswamy (2017) on privacy.
Frequently asked questions
How many Fundamental Rights are there in the Indian Constitution?
There are six: the rights to equality, freedom, against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies. The right to property was the seventh until 1978.
Which Fundamental Rights are available only to citizens?
Articles 15, 16, 19, 29 and 30 are available only to citizens. Others, such as Articles 14, 20, 21 and 25, are available to all persons, including foreigners.
Are Fundamental Rights absolute?
No. Most Fundamental Rights are subject to reasonable restrictions, and Parliament can amend them as long as it does not violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
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