Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are short topics but appear regularly in UPSC Prelims, usually as Article-matching or amendment questions. This set covers the important Articles in Part IV, their sources, the conflict with Fundamental Rights and the Fundamental Duties in Part IVA.
How to practise: read each question and tap the option you think is correct. You will see right away whether you got it, along with a short explanation, and your score is tracked at the bottom of the screen. This set has 16 questions.
Topics covered in this set
- Part IV, Articles 36-51 and their source
- Non-justiciable nature (Article 37)
- Socialist, Gandhian and liberal-intellectual principles
- Amendments that added new Directive Principles
- Minerva Mills and the balance with Fundamental Rights
- Fundamental Duties: Article 51A, Swaran Singh Committee, 42nd and 86th Amendments
UPSC MCQs with answers and explanations
Q1. Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in:
a) Part V, Articles 52-151
b) Part IV, Articles 36-51
c) Part III, Articles 12-35
d) Part IVA, Article 51A
Q2. The idea of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Constitution of:
a) Canada
b) Australia
c) Ireland
d) USA
Q3. Which Article states that Directive Principles are not enforceable by any court but are fundamental in the governance of the country?
a) Article 38
b) Article 36
c) Article 39
d) Article 37
Q4. Which Article directs the State to organise village panchayats as units of self-government?
a) Article 39
b) Article 40
c) Article 43
d) Article 48
Q5. The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in which Article?
a) Article 47
b) Article 44
c) Article 46
d) Article 45
Q6. After the 86th Amendment, Article 45 deals with:
a) Early childhood care and education for all children until they complete six years
b) Adult literacy
c) Education of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
d) Free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14
Q7. Protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife is a Directive Principle under:
a) Article 49
b) Article 48
c) Article 48A
d) Article 51A(g)
Q8. Separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State is provided in:
a) Article 50
b) Article 39A
c) Article 51
d) Article 49
Q9. Equal justice and free legal aid (Article 39A) was added to the Constitution by:
a) 73rd Amendment, 1992
b) 42nd Amendment, 1976
c) 44th Amendment, 1978
d) 97th Amendment, 2011
Q10. Which Article directs the State to prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs that are injurious to health, except for medicinal purposes?
a) Article 47
b) Article 43
c) Article 46
d) Article 48
Q11. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that harmony and balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is part of the basic structure?
a) Champakam Dorairajan (1951)
b) Minerva Mills (1980)
c) S.R. Bommai (1994)
d) Golaknath (1967)
Q12. Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution on the recommendation of:
a) Verma Committee
b) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
c) Sarkaria Commission
d) Swaran Singh Committee
Q13. The idea of Fundamental Duties is borrowed from the Constitution of:
a) Ireland
b) the former USSR
c) USA
d) Japan
Q14. How many Fundamental Duties are there now, and which amendment added the latest one?
a) 11, the 11th added by the 44th Amendment, 1978
b) 12, added by the 97th Amendment
c) 11, the 11th added by the 86th Amendment, 2002
d) 10, added by the 42nd Amendment
Q15. Fundamental Duties apply to:
a) All persons living in India
b) Citizens only
c) Citizens and foreigners
d) Only government employees
Q16. Promotion of international peace and security is a Directive Principle under:
a) Article 50
b) Article 51
c) Article 51A
d) Article 49
Quick revision notes
- DPSP: Part IV, Articles 36-51, borrowed from Ireland, non-justiciable under Article 37.
- Key Articles: 40 (panchayats), 44 (UCC), 45 (early childhood care), 47 (prohibition, public health), 48A (environment), 50 (separation of judiciary), 51 (international peace).
- 42nd Amendment added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A, and Part IVA.
- Minerva Mills (1980): balance between Parts III and IV is a basic feature.
- Fundamental Duties: Article 51A, Swaran Singh Committee, USSR model, 11 duties (11th by the 86th Amendment), apply to citizens only.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles?
Fundamental Rights are justiciable and mostly limit the State, while Directive Principles are non-justiciable instructions that guide the State in making laws and policy.
Are Fundamental Duties enforceable?
They are not directly enforceable by courts, but Parliament can enforce them through laws, and courts use them when interpreting the reasonableness of laws.
How do I remember the DPSP Articles for UPSC?
Group them by type: socialist (38, 39, 39A, 41, 42, 43, 43A, 47), Gandhian (40, 43, 43B, 46, 47, 48) and liberal-intellectual (44, 45, 48, 48A, 49, 50, 51), then practise Article-matching questions.
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