The Logical Reasoning unit of Paper 1 combines Western logic, such as arguments, syllogisms and the square of opposition, with Indian logic, especially the Pramanas, the five-membered inference and fallacies of reason. This set covers both halves, with explanations that make the rules easy to apply in the exam.
How to practise: read each question and tap the option you think is correct. You will see right away whether you got it, along with a short explanation, and your score is tracked at the bottom of the screen. This set has 15 questions.
Topics covered in this set
- Structure of arguments; deductive and inductive reasoning
- Categorical syllogisms
- Square of opposition
- Venn diagrams and analogies
- Pramanas in Indian philosophy
- Five-membered inference, vyapti and hetvabhasa
UGC NET Paper 1 MCQs with answers and explanations
Q1. In logic, an argument is best described as:
a) A set of statements in which some (premises) are offered as reasons to support another (the conclusion)
b) A heated disagreement between two people
c) A question with two possible answers
d) Any single statement that is true
Q2. "Every crow I have observed is black, so all crows are black." This is an example of:
a) Inductive generalisation
b) Arthapatti
c) A valid syllogism
d) Deductive reasoning
Q3. A deductive argument is called sound when:
a) It is valid and all its premises are actually true
b) It uses only universal statements
c) Its conclusion is interesting
d) It has at least one true premise
Q4. Statements: All poets are dreamers. No dreamer is practical. Which conclusion follows?
a) Some practical people are poets
b) No poet is practical
c) Some poets are practical
d) All dreamers are poets
Q5. Statements: Some teachers are writers. All writers are readers. Which conclusion follows?
a) Some teachers are readers
b) No teacher is a reader
c) All readers are teachers
d) All teachers are readers
Q6. In the traditional square of opposition, what is the contradictory of "All students are punctual" (an A proposition)?
a) No students are punctual
b) Some students are punctual
c) Some students are not punctual
d) All punctual people are students
Q7. If "All politicians are honest" is given as false, what can be said about "Some politicians are honest"?
a) It is undetermined
b) It is the same proposition
c) It is false
d) It is true
Q8. Which pair of propositions cannot both be false, although both may be true?
a) I and O
b) A and O
c) E and I
d) A and E
Q9. In a group of 60 students, 35 like tea, 30 like coffee and 10 like both. How many like neither?
a) 5
b) 25
c) 15
d) 10
Q10. Ornithology : Birds :: Entomology : ?
a) Fossils
b) Insects
c) Fish
d) Words
Q11. Which school of Indian philosophy accepts perception (pratyaksha) as the only valid means of knowledge?
a) Nyaya
b) Advaita Vedanta
c) Charvaka
d) Samkhya
Q12. A person who has been told that a gavaya (wild ox) looks like a cow sees such an animal in a forest and recognises it as a gavaya. Which pramana is this?
a) Shabda (verbal testimony)
b) Anupalabdhi (non-apprehension)
c) Upamana (comparison)
d) Anumana (inference)
Q13. "Devadatta is fat but does not eat during the day; therefore he must eat at night." Which pramana does this illustrate?
a) Upamana
b) Arthapatti (postulation)
c) Shabda
d) Pratyaksha
Q14. In the five-membered Nyaya inference, what is the correct order of the members?
a) Udaharana, Hetu, Pratijna, Nigamana, Upanaya
b) Pratijna, Udaharana, Hetu, Nigamana, Upanaya
c) Hetu, Pratijna, Nigamana, Upanaya, Udaharana
d) Pratijna, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya, Nigamana
Q15. "Sound is eternal because it is knowable." Which hetvabhasa (fallacy of reason) does this commit?
a) Asiddha (unproved)
b) Satpratipaksha (counterbalanced)
c) Savyabhichara (inconclusive or irregular)
d) Badhita (contradicted by other evidence)
Quick revision notes
- Argument = premises + conclusion; sound = valid + true premises; induction gives probable conclusions.
- Square of opposition: A–O and E–I contradictory; A–E contrary (not both true); I–O subcontrary (not both false).
- Venn: n(A or B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(both).
- Pramanas: Charvaka 1; Buddhism, Vaisheshika 2; Samkhya 3; Nyaya 4; Prabhakara 5; Bhatta Mimamsa, Advaita 6 (adds anupalabdhi).
- Five members: Pratijna, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya, Nigamana; five hetvabhasas: savyabhichara, viruddha, satpratipaksha, asiddha, badhita.
Frequently asked questions
Are these previous year UGC NET questions?
No. They are original practice questions based on the Logical Reasoning unit of the Paper 1 syllabus.
What is anupalabdhi?
Anupalabdhi, or non-apprehension, is the pramana by which we know the absence of something, such as knowing there is no pot on the floor because it is not perceived. Bhatta Mimamsa and Advaita Vedanta accept it.
What is vyapti?
Vyapti is the invariable relation between the reason and what is to be proved, such as "wherever there is smoke there is fire". A valid inference in Nyaya depends on it.
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